{"id":296,"date":"2008-05-18T19:01:38","date_gmt":"2008-05-18T17:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pa3hcm.utreg.net\/?p=296"},"modified":"2021-01-18T20:19:00","modified_gmt":"2021-01-18T19:19:00","slug":"cw-keyer-for-foxes-and-beacons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/?p=296","title":{"rendered":"CW keyer for foxes and beacons"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Beacons and foxes have to identify themselves. Although I could sit along all day with my morse key, transmitting my call, I wanted to have some automatic keyer. Since I recently bought a PIC development kit (Velleman K8048<\/a>), I thought that it would be a nice idea to create my first PIC application by building a CW keyer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I never wrote PIC source code yet, but I have done some assembly for 68000 and x86 in the past. So it shouldn’t be to difficult to write a simple program, keying one of the outputs of a PIC. On the CD of my PIC development kit I found some sample programs, including one for a flashing LED (this appears to be the “Hello, World!” application for microcontrollers). I modified the source code and finally build the bunch of code which you can find on the bottom of this page. I’m sure that this code is not the best PIC program of the world, but it works and at least I understand how it actually works. If you have any suggestions, please feel free to send them to me!<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The reason that I used a PIC16F627 and not the far more popular 16F84 is that the 627 comes default with the PIC development kit and the “flashing lED” code was written for that PIC too…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schematic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\"cwkeyer_schematic\"<\/a>
The schematic is not that difficult. Actually the software keys 2 outputs (RB0 and RB1). You can use one to create a PTT\/key output (T1, R2) and one to flash a LED (then you know it’s doing its job). R1 provides a correct initialisation of the PIC processor, and X1, C3 and C4 form a basic clock circuit. Using a crystal with another frequency wil impact the keying speed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most beacons and foxes don’t use 5 volts for power but some higher voltage. So you may add U1, C1 and C2 to create 5V (required for the PIC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Code<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
;*********************\n;* PA3HCM * CW KEYER *\n;*********************\n\nW                            EQU     H'0000'\nF                            EQU     H'0001'\n\n;----- Register Files------------------------------------------------------\n\nINDF                         EQU     H'0000'\nTMR0                         EQU     H'0001'\nPCL                          EQU     H'0002'\nSTATUS                       EQU     H'0003'\nFSR                          EQU     H'0004'\nPORTA                        EQU     H'0005'\nPORTB                        EQU     H'0006'\n\nINTCON                       EQU     H'000B'\nOPTION_REG                   EQU     H'0081'\nTRISA                        EQU     H'0085'\nTRISB                        EQU     H'0086'\nCMCON                        EQU     H'001F'\n\n;----- STATUS Bits --------------------------------------------------------\nIRP                          EQU     H'0007'\nRP1                          EQU     H'0006'\nRP0                          EQU     H'0005'\nNOT_TO                       EQU     H'0004'\nNOT_PD                       EQU     H'0003'\nZ                            EQU     H'0002'\nDC                           EQU     H'0001'\nC                            EQU     H'0000'\n\n;==========================================================================\n;\n;       RAM Definition\n;\n;==========================================================================\n\n    __MAXRAM H'01FF'\n    __BADRAM H'07'-H'09', H'0D', H'13'-H'14', H'1B'-H'1E'\n    __BADRAM H'87'-H'89', H'8D', H'8F'-H'91', H'93'-H'97', H'9E'\n    __BADRAM H'105', H'107'-H'109', H'10C'-H'11F', H'150'-H'16F'\n    __BADRAM H'185', H'187'-H'189', H'18C'-H'1EF'\n\n;==========================================================================\n;\n;       Configuration Bits\n;\n;==========================================================================\n\n_BODEN_ON                    EQU     H'3FFF'\n_BODEN_OFF                   EQU     H'3FBF'\n_CP_ALL                      EQU     H'03FF'\n_CP_75                       EQU     H'17FF'\n_CP_50                       EQU     H'2BFF'\n_CP_OFF                      EQU     H'3FFF'\n_DATA_CP_ON                  EQU     H'3EFF'\n_DATA_CP_OFF                 EQU     H'3FFF'\n_PWRTE_OFF                   EQU     H'3FFF'\n_PWRTE_ON                    EQU     H'3FF7'\n_WDT_ON                      EQU     H'3FFF'\n_WDT_OFF                     EQU     H'3FFB'\n_LVP_ON                      EQU     H'3FFF'\n_LVP_OFF                     EQU     H'3F7F'\n_MCLRE_ON                    EQU     H'3FFF'\n_MCLRE_OFF                   EQU     H'3FDF'\n_ER_OSC_CLKOUT               EQU     H'3FFF'\n_ER_OSC_NOCLKOUT             EQU     H'3FFE'\n_INTRC_OSC_CLKOUT            EQU     H'3FFD'\n_INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT          EQU     H'3FFC'\n_EXTCLK_OSC                  EQU     H'3FEF'\n_LP_OSC                      EQU     H'3FEC'\n_XT_OSC                      EQU     H'3FED'\n_HS_OSC                      EQU     H'3FEE'\n\n\t__CONFIG        _BODEN_ON & _CP_OFF & _DATA_CP_OFF & _PWRTE_ON & _WDT_OFF & _LVP_OFF & _MCLRE_ON & _XT_OSC\n\n;==========================================================================\n;       Variable Definition\n;==========================================================================\nTIMER1\t\tEQU\tH'20'\t\t;Used in delay routine\nTIMER2\t\tEQU\tH'21'\t\t; \"\t\"\t\"\t\nPATERN\t\tEQU\tH'22'\t\t;Pattern data for effect's\n\n\t\tORG\t0\t\t;Reset vector address\n\t\tGOTO\tRESET\t\t;goto RESET routine when boot.\n\n;\t\t*********************************************\n;\t\t*  Example of a delay routine               *\n;\t\t*********************************************\n\nDELAY_ROUTINE   MOVLW   D'127'         ;54 Generate approx 10mS delay at 4Mhz CLK\n                MOVWF   TIMER2\nDEL_LOOP1       MOVLW   D'255'\t       ;60\t\n                MOVWF   TIMER1\nDEL_LOOP2       DECFSZ  TIMER1,F\n                GOTO    DEL_LOOP2\n                DECFSZ  TIMER2,F\n                GOTO    DEL_LOOP1\n\t\tRETLW   0\n\n;\t       **********************************\n;              **  RESET :  main boot routine  **\n;              **********************************\n\nRESET\t\tMOVLW\tB'00000111'\t;Disable Comparator module's\n\t\tMOVWF\tCMCON\n\t\t;\n\t\tBSF\tSTATUS,RP0\t;Switch to register bank 1\n\t\t\t\t\t;Disable pull-ups\n\t\t\t\t\t;INT on rising edge\n\t\t\t\t\t;TMR0 to CLKOUT\n\t\t\t\t\t;TMR0 Incr low2high trans.\n\t\t\t\t\t;Prescaler assign to Timer0\n\t\t\t\t\t;Prescaler rate is 1:256\n\t\tMOVLW\tB'11010111'\t;Set PIC options (See datasheet).\n\t\tMOVWF\tOPTION_REG\t;Write the OPTION register.\n\t\t;\n\t\tCLRF\tINTCON\t\t;Disable interrupts\n\t\tMOVLW\tB'11000000'\n\t\tMOVWF\tTRISB\t\t;RB7 & RB6 are inputs.\n\t\t\t\t\t;RB5...RB0 are outputs.\n\t\tMOVLW\tB'11111111'\t;all RA ports are inputs\n\t\tMOVWF\tTRISA\n\t\tBCF\tSTATUS,RP0\t;Switch Back to reg. Bank 0\n\t\tCLRF\tPORTB\t\t\n\t\t;\n\nMAIN\t\tCALL\tCW_P\n\t\tCALL\tCW_A\n\t\tCALL\tCW_3\n\t\tCALL\tCW_H\n\t\tCALL\tCW_C\n\t\tCALL\tCW_M\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_R\n\t\tCALL\tCW_E\n\t\tCALL\tCW_C\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_F\n\t\tCALL\tCW_O\n\t\tCALL\tCW_X\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_A\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_KEYDOWN\n\t\tCALL\tCW_KEYUP\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tGOTO\tMAIN\n\nDIT\t\tMOVLW\tB'00000011'\t;Activate RB0\n\t\tMOVWF\tPORTB\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tMOVLW\tB'00000000'\t;Activate RB0\n\t\tMOVWF\tPORTB\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nDAH\t\tMOVLW\tB'00000011'\t;Activate RB0\n\t\tMOVWF\tPORTB\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tMOVLW\tB'00000000'\t;Activate RB0\n\t\tMOVWF\tPORTB\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_5\t\tCALL\tDIT\nCW_H\t\tCALL\tDIT\nCW_S\t\tCALL\tDIT\nCW_I\t\tCALL\tDIT\nCW_E\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_0\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_O\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_M\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_T\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\ncW_4\t\tCALL\tDIT\ncW_V\t\tCALL\tDIT\ncW_U\t\tCALL\tDIT\nCW_A\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_8\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_D\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_7\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_B\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_SLASH\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_F\t\tCALL\tDIT\nCW_R\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_C\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_9\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_G\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_N\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_P\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_3\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_2\t\tCALL\tDIT\nCW_J\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_Q\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_K\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_L\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_Y\t\tCALL\tDAH\nCW_W\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_X\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_Z\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_1\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_6\t\tCALL\tDAH\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDIT\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_PAUSE\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tCALL\tDELAY_ROUTINE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_KEYDOWN\tMOVLW\tB'00000011'\n\t\tMOVWF\tPORTB\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tMOVLW\tB'000000000'\n\t\tMOVWF\tPORTB\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\nCW_KEYUP\tMOVLW\tB'00000000'\n\t\tMOVWF\tPORTB\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tCALL\tCW_PAUSE\n\t\tRETLW\t0\n\n\t\tEND<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Introduction Beacons and foxes have to identify themselves. Although I could sit along all day with my morse key, transmitting my call, I wanted to have some automatic keyer. Since I recently bought a PIC development kit (Velleman K8048), I thought that it would be a nice idea to create my first PIC application by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[28,35],"class_list":["post-296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transmitters_and_receivers","tag-cw","tag-pic"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=296"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1960,"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions\/1960"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pa3hcm.nl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}